Film Essay essays

Film Essay essays Western films are the major defining genre of the American film industry, a nostalgic display of praise to the early days of the expansive, untamed American frontier. Director John Ford was a much-celebrated director who made some of the most famous pictures in Hollywood cinema, if not all of filmmaking. He was the supreme Western director. In 1939, Ford directed two classic Westerns, the more celebrated Stagecoach, and the less renowned Drums Along the Mohawk. Although both films being described by critics and connoisseurs of film of raising ideological contradictions in juxtaposition with one another, there is a subtle similar view that both films do agree in retrospect to their views of American civilization. There is a similarity in themes each film expresses, although each film expresses its themes in a different degree of intensity within its narrative, but in the end, these similar themes signify that both films do present a related ideology of American civilization. Not in accordance to the mainstream view of critics that these films contradict each other, these two films compliment each other. It is merely the time separation that each film is situated in that creates such disparity the critics sense between the films. Drums Along the Mohawk is set around the time of 1776, after the signing of the Declaration of Independence and around the time of the American Revolution. This setting designs the film to express such a positively conceived ideology of America and a strong optimistic view. America is to be free from British influence and have their own identity as a fully-fledged nation hence their birth as an independent nation. So much potential is conceived and progress to be achieved. Stagecoach is more of a commentary of civilization in the West during the time around 1880. The wilder...

How to Calculate the Variance of a Poisson Distribution

How to Calculate the Variance of a Poisson Distribution The variance of a distribution of a random variable is an important feature. This number indicates the spread of a distribution, and it is found by squaring the standard deviation. One commonly used discrete distribution is that of the Poisson distribution. We will see how to calculate the variance of the Poisson distribution with parameter ÃŽ ». The Poisson Distribution Poisson distributions are used when we have a continuum of some sort and are counting discrete changes within this continuum. This occurs when we consider the number of people who arrive at a movie ticket counter in the course of an hour, keep track of the number of cars traveling through an intersection with a four-way stop or count the number of flaws occurring in a length of wire. If we make a few clarifying assumptions in these scenarios, then these situations match the conditions for a Poisson process. We then say that the random variable, which counts the number of changes, has a Poisson distribution. The Poisson distribution actually refers to an infinite family of distributions. These distributions come equipped with a single parameter ÃŽ ». The parameter is a positive real number that is closely related to the expected number of changes observed in the continuum. Furthermore, we will see that this parameter is equal to not only the mean of the distribution but also the variance of the distribution. The probability mass function for a Poisson distribution is given by: f(x) (ÃŽ »x e-ÃŽ »)/x! In this expression, the letter e is a number and is the mathematical constant with a value approximately equal to 2.718281828. The variable x can be any nonnegative integer. Calculating the Variance To calculate the mean of a Poisson distribution, we use this distributions moment generating function. We see that: M( t ) E[etX] ÃŽ £ etXf( x) ÃŽ £etX ÃŽ »x e-ÃŽ »)/x! We now recall the Maclaurin series for eu. Since any derivative of the function eu is eu, all of these derivatives evaluated at zero give us 1. The result is the series eu ÃŽ £ un/n!. By use of the Maclaurin series for eu, we can express the moment generating function not as a series, but in a closed form. We combine all terms with the exponent of x. Thus M(t) eÃŽ »(et - 1). We now find the variance by taking the second derivative of M and evaluating this at zero. Since M’(t) ÃŽ »etM(t), we use the product rule to calculate the second derivative: M’’(t)ÃŽ »2e2tM’(t) ÃŽ »etM(t) We evaluate this at zero and find that M’’(0) ÃŽ »2 ÃŽ ». We then use the fact that M’(0) ÃŽ » to calculate the variance. Var(X) ÃŽ »2 ÃŽ » – (ÃŽ »)2 ÃŽ ». This shows that the parameter ÃŽ » is not only the mean of the Poisson distribution but is also its variance.