Ms †Mahathir Foreign Policy Essay

Aftereffect to the steadiness, a goals has been taken in the 38th meeting of the United Nations where the General-Secretary of United Nations must make a careful report on Antarctica issues which incorporated the circulation of common asset which accessible and the ‘Antarctica Treaty System’. Malaysia had the option to get a United Nations goals to include issue of dissemination of Antarctic normal assets in the up and coming United Nations plan in November 1984. Be that as it may, Malaysia neglected to acquire a goals for the foundation of the United Nations board of trustees to supplant the ‘Antarctica Treaty system’ as there were solid fights from the nations of ‘Antarctica Treat System’ which were United State of America and Russia. Malaysia expect that the mainland of Antarctica as significant in the conditions of its effect on ‘Ecology’ and the encompassing scene and the world’s atmosphere. For instance, 90% of the world’s new water which comprise as ice and snow were accessible in Antarctica. In addition, it likewise contains a potential gracefully of staples and crude materials, for example, iron minerals, coal, chromium, uranium, cobalt, nickel, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, platinum, oil and gas. Moreover, there are additionally plants and creatures that lone comprise in Antarctica and there are some which are uncommon in different spots. In view of these realities, Malaysia requests the mainland in Antarctica to become regular legacy for basic advantages for the entire world. In December 1959, issues which include the undertakings of Antarctica was overseen by the delegates of the nations which are the individuals from the ‘Antarctica Treaty System’. At that point, Malaysia has a view that the framework just advantages the minor gathering of individuals from the ‘Antarctica Treaty System’. The framework isn't reasonable as the enrollment structure as two levels (two-level) in light of the fact that the choice must be made by 16 nations which are the previous individuals from the bargain, however there are another 12 nations which are likewise the individuals from the arrangement. These 12 nations are just permitted to lead investigate without having the ability to cast a ballot or settling on choice. This is against to the targets of the previous understanding in the ‘Antarctica Treaty’ where Antarctica ought to be overseen by global panel for the advantages of all humankind. Additionally, 160 nations were in the United Nations presently which a large portion of them are made out of creating nations. Along these lines, their privileges and their perspectives ought to be mulled over by the global panel of Antarctica. The benefit in the administration framework dependent on the Antarctica was not been fulfilled. The previous part nations held a few shut entryway meeting without the information on different individuals. These shut entryway meeting was held so as to set up a mineral system to mine mineral substances in their general vicinity. With the coming of Sea-Bed Convention on the Law of the Sea and the recommendation of arrangement of International Sea-Bed Authority, the mineral system which proposed by individuals from the Antarctic Treaty is amazingly against to most different nations. Mineral system is another endeavor by the previous individuals from the consent to improve their capacity in the assessment of Malaysia. By the by, the exercises of mining mineral substances can make enormous annihilation the framework nature in Antarctica. The destinations of this strategy are to share the minerals in Antarctica for the advantages of every person. Next, it is to safeguard the biology and condition of the world. In addition, Antarctica is use to energize the idea of ‘disarmament, ‘denuclearisation’ and ‘demilitarisation’ It is trusted that the recommendations just as Malaysia’s proposition to cause Antarctica as the basic legacy for the regular advantage of the whole world will to be take into the thought of the associations of the United Nations. THE CONCEPT OF ZONE OF PEACE, FREEDOM AND NEUTRALITY (ZOPFAN) IN SOUTHEAST ASIA As the square that can be viewed as non-socialist Southeast Asia, ASEAN as a general rule stick to impartiality. Malaysia’s proposition for the production of zone of harmony, opportunity and nonpartisanship or ZOPFAN was acknowledged as the ASEAN position. The idea and this strategy was reported in Kuala Lumpur by our fourth PM who was Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad on the 27th November 1971. There are some significant components and occasions that happened in Southeast Asia which push ascend to the idea of the Zone of peace,Freedom and Neutrality. These components and occasions are the situation of Southeast Asia is very vital to the incredible powers with regards to East-West political strains; political change in Vietnam just as the aftereffects of withdrawal of British soldiers from Southeast Asia and the United States from Vietnam in the mid 70s. These advancements had made nervousness among the ASEAN nations, as it might influence territorial dependability. Next, the wars in Korea and Vietnam ASEAN persuaded that mediation and bolster military superpowers struggle littler nations of Southeast Asia are frequently compromised the solidness of this area. Besides, at the time there was a feeling of ‘regionalisma’ which made ASEAN provincial financial collaboration that can be utilized as an impetus to accomplish ZOPFAN. The target of Zone of harmony, Freedom and Neutrality is to make Southeast Asia an area of harmony, opportunity and nonpartisanship of political quibbling significant powers especially the United States, Russia and People’s Republic of China. Among the key systems that have been defined and actualized to accomplish these targets are by getting the extraordinary forces endorsement, acknowledgment and assurance about the goal and endeavors to understand the idea. Next, it is to lengthen outside military soldiers from Southeast Asia over the long haul. Additionally, it makes Southeast Asia as a district liberated from atomic weapon. Taking everything into account, the ability of extraordinary forces to perceive and ensure Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality is fundamental for the making of ZOPFAN. Moreover, support from all individuals from the ASEAN nations is likewise required. Be that as it may, ASEAN’s assurance to keep on pursueing the idea ZOPFAN is reflected by the ASEAN’s endeavors to finda political arrangement in Cambodia dependent on the goals of the United countries Organization and the revelation of Internatonal Conference on Kampuchea 1981.

Neighborhoods and Crime Free Essays

This article, which comprises of an assessment of information assembled from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, is planned for increasing a total image of the area in Chicago. It depends on the spatial meaning of neighborhood as â€Å"a assortment of individuals and establishments involving a subsection of a bigger community.† The information accumulated and the examination dependent on such information are utilized to test the speculation that aggregate adequacy has an association with diminished viciousness in neighborhoods. We will compose a custom paper test on Neighborhoods and Crime or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Aggregate adequacy alludes to the social union among individuals having a place with a local that is impacted by the ability to act to advance the benefit of all. The speculation was figured dependent on the reason that crime percentages change in various neighborhoods, and such variety might be ascribed to social and authoritative qualities surviving in such social groupings. Besides, it is expected that there are factors having an effect on everything other than those ascribed to segment qualities of people. The article likewise utilizes two ideas of viability, in particular, singular adequacy and neighborhood adequacy. It recommends that these two develops are connected in their comparative methods for initiating procedures, for example, social control, which urge individuals to act in insurance of the neighborhood’s prosperity. The inquiry looked to be replied by the article rotates around the variables that impact aggregate viability. Once more, this inquiry has a suspicion, which is that aggregate adequacy doesn't exist in a vacuum and is influenced by different factors, for example, political economy and different settings. Utilizing a five-thing Likert-type scale, subjects of the examination were posed different inquiries about the social association saw inside the area, for example, regardless of whether there is a general inclination of trust for neighbors or whether there is a probability of intercession in specific conditions. Then again, brutality was estimated through inquiries concerning the recurrence of event of savage conduct and individual experience of rough episodes. Additionally, the overview measures were compared with free records of brutal episodes. After broad investigation and introduction of information, the article presumes that aggregate viability might be estimated at the local stage, for the most part through the direct of studies. Besides, neighborhood variety in aggregate viability is to a great extent clarified by three components, specifically, movement fixation, concentrated hindrance, and migration focus. In entirety, the article had the option to discover information to demonstrate its speculation that factors other than segment attributes of the individual occupants of a local influence aggregate adequacy. By the by, the article rushes to take note of that the examination has innate shortcomings, and recommends that further investigations be directed to investigate different prospects. Instructions to refer to Neighborhoods and Crime, Essay models

Top 10 Application Tips #5 Submission of Documents COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Application Tips #5 â€" Submission of Documents COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the fifth entry in our “Top 10? list to assist you with understanding the process of submitting your admission application to SIPA.   This tip is closely tied to one that appeared in our other Top 10 Series focused on communicating with our office.   This important tip directly relates to the application process so I am including it in this list as well, along with some additional important insights. I want to emphasize once again that our preference is that all applicants submit 100% of the documents and information required to apply via our web site.   In a perfect world if all of your information and associated documents are submitted online, they will print out in order all at one time and we can review your application for completion without having to look for documents that have been mailed.   This is the fastest and most efficient way for us to process applications.   Remember that we ask applicants to self report test scores on the application and we accept/prefer uploaded copies of transcripts.   We also encourage letters of recommendation to be submitted online. We do understand that some applicants will have to mail transcripts or that letters of recommendation may come in via mail.   Some schools will only mail transcripts and some individuals are not comfortable with technology and wish to mail letters of recommendation. If something does need to be mailed we highly recommend using a private mail courier.   Columbia is a huge university with one central mail room.   All “standard” mail is funneled to the main mail room and it can take a week or more for mail to be sorted and sent on to us. By utilizing a private mail carrier the parcel will be sent directly to our office, avoiding delays.   Also, we highly recommend getting a tracking number whenever something is mailed to our office.   This way, the moment we sign for the package the courier will log delivery and you will be notified if you have signed up for email notification. If you know that a letter or transcript will be mailed to our office, I offer the following advice provide the recommender or school with a prepaid envelope for mailing.   For example, if a recommender tells you that s/he will not be uploading their letter, visit a mail carrier and prepay for an envelop addressed to our office with a tracking number.   Then give this envelop to the recommender or school that is going to mail the document.   This simplifies the process for the recommender or school and provides you with a tracking number so that as soon as we sign for it, you will know. Question:   If all of my documents are not submitted online, will my application review be impacted in any way? Answer: The answer is both yes and no to this question.   First the No.   How documents are submitted has no impact upon the decision the Committee makes.   So although we prefer that documents be submitted online, we do not penalize applicants in any way if a document is received by mail. Now the Yes.   If documents are mailed to our office it will take us longer to track them in our system.   Again, when we complete an application has no impact on the ultimate decision, as long as all of your documents/information is submitted by the deadline.   However, if documents are mailed it will likely take us longer to complete the tracking process.   This means that you will likely have to wait longer for us to confirm that all of your documents have been received. In summary, how documents are submitted has no impact on the admission decision, however it can impact how long it takes us to inform you that your application has been completed. Question:   Is it okay if I mail my personal statement and résumé in addition to submitting them on line? Answer:   No. Please upload your two résumé documents and your responses to the personal statement.   Do not send paper copies of these documents to our office. Question:   Can I mail other documents to your office?   For example, a copy of my undergraduate thesis or a policy memo I composed? Answer:   No. Please only submit the documents we ask for on the application site.   I know this may sound harsh, but we want treat all applicants the same and we only have roughly six weeks to review several thousand applications. However, we do encourage applicants to list relevant skills/experience/projects in the résumé, and if this means your résumé is longer than a typical résumé that is fine. So for example, if you completed a thesis would like to provide a brief synopsis in your résumé, that would be completely acceptable.   For full details on our résumé preferences, see this entry. On a final note for this entry, even if 100% of the documents/information required to apply are submitted online, it can take us up to two weeks to send out a confirmation message stating that an application is complete.   We appreciate your patience as we work as quickly as possible to make sure all of the information submitted is readable and complete.   When a file has been certified as complete, we will send an email message.

Bullying Bullying Is Characterized By Exposure - 852 Words

What is a bullying? Bullying is characterized by exposure to repeated negative actions from one or more students. Bullying can also be noted as aggression that involves power imbalance between the victim and the aggressor. Negative actions are described as deliberate efforts to harm or cause discomfort in others (Mundbjerg 2014). About one-third of young elementary children will experience bullying, either as the victim, the bully or the bully-victim (Verlinden, 2014). When a child is bullied, there can be three types of bullying that can be inflicted on the child. First, verbal bullying this happens when the bully is calling the victim names, teasing, and talking down to the victim. The second type of bullying that can occur is physical bullying; this is when the bully goes face-to-face with the victim also during physical bullying the victim can be repeatedly harassed. Physical bullying is usually done with a group of bullies. The last type of bullying is emotional bullying, this is done by spreading rumors, going behind someone’s back, and teasing the victim. There are three types of victims as the result of bullying; the typical passive victim, and the proactive victim. The typical passive victim is careful, sensitive and silent. The passive victim will express emotions by crying. Whereas the proactive victim has problems with attention and may cause anxiety and pressure, this type of victim might be seen as hyperactive (Mundbjerg 2014). The bully- victim can beShow MoreRelatedBullying Victimization And Its Effects1469 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The definition of bullying victimization is most often attributed to Daniel Olweus; who defined bullying victimization as an act in which a person is exposed to negative actions that are intended to inflict physical, mental or emotional distress (Olweus, 1994). One of the most significant consequences of bullying victimization is the observation that it occurs most often in repeated cycles that can affect the long-term emotional stability of the victim (Nansel, Overpeck, Haynie, RuanRead MoreBullying Victimization And Its Effects1446 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of bullying victimization is most often attributed to Daniel Olweus; who defined bullying victimization as an act in which a person is exposed to negative actions that are intended to inflict physical, mental or emotional distress (Olweus, 1994). One of the most significant consequences of bullying victimization is the observation that it occurs most often in repeated cycles that can affect the long-term emotional sta bility of the victim (Nansel, Overpeck, Haynie, Ruan, Scheidt,Read MoreReview Of Literature : Historical Background Of Bullying1302 Words   |  6 PagesBackground of Bullying It is alarming that students between the ages of 8 and 18 consider pressure to engage in sexual activity, AIDS, racism, alcohol and drug use to be less problematic than bullying. They consider the latter a far greater problem than the former (Domino, 2013). Bullying has been defined as a subcategory of interpersonal aggression characterized by intentionality, repetition, and imbalance of power, with abuse of power being a primary distinction between bullying and other formsRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society1288 Words   |  6 PagesBullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively dominate others. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception, by the bully or by others, of an imbalance of social or physical power, which distinguishes bullying from conflict. Behaviors used to assert such domination can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion, and such acts may be dire cted repeatedly towards particular targets. RationalizationsRead MoreReview Of Literature : Historical Background Of Bullying1564 Words   |  7 PagesBackground of Bullying It is alarming that students between the ages of 8 and 18 consider pressure to engage in sexual activity, AIDS, racism, alcohol and drug use to be less problematic than bullying. They consider the latter a far greater problem than the former (Domino, 2013). Bullying has been defined as a subcategory of interpersonal aggression characterized by intentionality, repetition, and imbalance of power, with abuse of power being a primary distinction between bullying and other formsRead MoreBio Psycho Social Spiritual Cultural Analysis1705 Words   |  7 Pagesdimensions in regards to youths experiencing bullying. I will start by describing the biological dimensions of bullying victims, perpetrators, and bully-victims. Carpanzo et al. (2011) asserts that there are gender differences in bullying. While both biological genders participate equally in relational and physical aggression according to the study, physical aggression is more common in boys but relational aggression is equal between the sexes. Bullying was more stable across a two-year period andRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On A Child s Academic Work2486 Words   |  10 PagesBullying can be hard to define, because research has shown that it comes in many forms which makes it difficult to find one set of characteristics that will describe a bully. Conclusively, studies have defined bullying as a set of repeated aggressive behavior that is intended to harm someone, which usually involves an imbalance of power between the victim and the perpetrator (Morgan, 2012, p. 174). Studies have shown that there are two distinct types of bullyi ng, which is a direct form of verbalRead MoreAre Children Smarter Or More Socialized?2002 Words   |  9 Pagesuse of Internet by children. Negative outcomes that can diminish children’s well-being and cognitive and socialization capacity include harmful social interactions such as cyber-bullying, negative emotional and physical consequences, ineffective personal time management, exposure to violent and obscene content, and exposure to commercial advertising and consumerism. Positive benefits include the use of Internet for school study, development of creativity, access to variety of useful information, andRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Peer Relationships1564 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause of malnutrition, adaptation to new environment and peer pressure . Positive impacts of peers and peer groups could be moral development, close friendships, and stability. Negative impacts of peers and peer groups could range from rejection, to bullying, and to no sense of belonging. During the Middle Childhood stage, children tend to look for a sense of belonging. As changes occur within and around them, they develop somewhat of their own culture. This culture allows the child to involve himselfRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Mental Health And Safety Of Adolescents3354 Words   |  14 Pages Bullying and Cyberbullying Chaya Gitty Chopp Daemen College â€Æ' Abstract The impact of bullying in all forms on the mental health and safety of adolescents is of particular interest, especially in the wake of new methods of bullying that victimize youths through technology: cyber bullying. Its significant link to internalizing difficulties can lead to depression and suicide. Given the ever increasing rate of accessibility to technology in both schools and homes, these findings underscore

Medical Ethics And Islam Principles And Practice

â€Å"Tracing its origins to the same Semitic soil that bore Judaism and Christianity, Islam continues to deeply influence the beliefs, values, and customs of an estimated one fifth of the human race† (Gatrada, A. R., Sheikhb, A.). The paper will be about medical ethics and Islam; principles and practice. The two primary sources of Law are â€Å"The Qur an (Koran)—The Sunnah—the example, whether in word or deed, of the Prophet Muhammad incorporated in Islamic scriptures† (Gatrada, A. R., Sheikhb, A.). The third source is â€Å"Ijtihad—the law of deductive logic. An example of that is to bring considerable health benefit to communities worldwide, is the move towards outlawing cigarette smoking on the grounds that its adverse consequences to health are now well established† (Gatrada, A. R., Sheikhb, A.). â€Å"We (God) created Man in the most perfect form† (Gatrada, A. R., Sheikhb, A.). This is used to explain that each human life has its own value and own goodness. Since parental integrity is then not compromised and there is no question of hereditary characteristics being influenced. Only somatic cell lines should therefore be used in transplantation of genetic material. â€Å"Know your genealogy and respect your blood ties† (Gatrada, A. R., Sheikhb, A.). Children have the right to be born through a valid union (marriage). They also have the right to know their parentage fully. Artificial insemination and in vitro fertilisation are therefore lawful only if sperm from the husband of theShow MoreRelatedThe Islamic Ethical Principles Of Euthanasia Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesHOW DOES ISLAM RESPOND TO EUTHANASIA? INTRODUCTION The objective of my inquiry is to find and investigate the Islamic ethical principles of the act of euthanasia, to see how Islam responds to euthanasia. The Islamic ethical principles that this investigation addresses includes the sanctity of human life and how only Allah has the right to decide the length of our lives, in relation to evidence given by the authentic Islamic sources of Quran, Hadith (sayings of the Prophet [Peace and Blessings ofRead MoreImportance Of Nursing Values In Nursing1013 Words   |  5 Pages Nursing Values and the Islamic Philosophy Many of the nursing actions are affected by understanding moral reasoning, code of professional practice, and legal principles. In general, nurses believe that nursing profession values guide their actions and decisions in their careers. For nurses, caring for patients during birth, healing, illness, and death are their responsibility. It would be impossible to provide exceptional care for their patients, if they are not aware of the patient’s values.Read MoreThe Culture of Islam Essay example1549 Words   |  7 PagesIslam is more than a religion, it’s a culture, and as such has an effect on political, social, and economic aspects of life—this is especially true outside of the Western world. Followers of Islam believe in full submission to God and this submission is practiced in the secular realm (Taha, 114). Of the five pillars of Islam, one (the zakat) has a direct affect on economic policy and ethics. The culture of Islam has shaped economic and busine ss guidelines In the Islamic World and continues toRead MoreEthical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice1473 Words   |  6 Pages Project 2 Faisal M. Ghaffar Ethical and Legal Aspects of Nursing Practice October 23, 2015 Professor  Ovidio  Viera Florida National University Circumcision...Is it an issue? Explore the human and ethical issues surrounding circumcision. Is this a medical right or a human rights issue? Why are people so against it...why are some so for it? What is the role of the nurse in relations to an ethical dilemma involving circumcision? In this paper will be talking about predominantlyRead MoreThe Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide1488 Words   |  6 Pages All of these developments resulted in patients surviving previously terminal conditions. Is surviving better than dying? That became an issue as patients were maintained artificially and became stuck in limbo, neither dead as dictated by the medical definition of brain death, nor alive as a participant in society or able to experience life to the extent previously enjoyed. People began to question this use of technology to sustain life and the right-to-die movement was born. In recent yearsRead MoreHealth Care Principles And Safety1575 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on the primary health care principles and safety and risk assessments relevant to Mrs Azizi’s nurse home visit. This report will present the safety and risk management requirements the community nurse must carry out before, during and after the home visit. Health Care Principles Primary health care is the first level of contact that individuals, families and communities have with the health care system. In Australian healthcare, this includes the principles of personal care, health promotionRead MoreEssay about Organ Transplantation978 Words   |  4 Pagesdiffer in opinions about whether it is permitted to take a body part from the dead, whether it is a safe or valuable practice to cut into a healthy living donor. The topic has triggered major ethical disagreements and public debates in Egypt, not only among physicians and academic or those personally involved. Many physicians, Islamic scholars, and politicians have sustained that Islam has nothing to do with resistance to organ transplantation in Egypt. They even cite as their evidence the fact thatRead MoreThe principle of right or wrong2773 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group) the Puritan ethic; a person with old-fashioned v alues (a system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct) motivation based on ideas of right and wrong the philosophical study of moral values and rules known as moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality—that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice, etc. MajorRead MoreAnalyse The Teachings Of Islam2020 Words   |  9 PagesAnalyse the teachings of Islam as they apply to TWO specific areas of Bioethics. The Islamic view of life is based upon the notion that faith provides the sanctity of life. The Qur’an states; â€Å"Whosoever has spared the life of a soul, it is as though he has spared the life of all people. Whosoever has killed a soul, it is as though he has murdered all of mankind.† - Qur an 5:32 The religion of Islam is founded upon the core principle that the acceptance and realisation of God’s divine determinationRead MoreIslam Is A Progressive Religion2507 Words   |  11 PagesDespite popular assumption, Islam is actually quite a progressive religion. Bioethics are not set in stone, although some scholars as well as Muslims do have strong opinions about certain bioethical subjects. In the twentieth century, there was a very limited amount of resources in the field of Islamic bioethics. The twenty-first century has marked an influx in research on Islamic bioethics from both Muslim religious scholars as well as studies conducted by academic researchers (Ghaly 592). In the

Development of Technology Free Essays

Over the past decades, the world has witnessed different changes that have affected countries and continents. The way economics activities and business are conducted in the world poses challenges and opportunities. Technology is one of those changes or development that has occurred over decades. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a way, technology has changed every aspect of human life. In generally, it has change the ways businesses is conducted. Now, people do not need to see face-to-face in other to conduct business. Businesses can be conducted at home, long distances, in plane and through online real-time. In the education and business environment, technology development has been major catalysts that influencing the way activities are conducted. However, book business is our major focus. In this paper, we are going to analyse the effects of technology development on book business in the next 10years. Through the past technology age or years, we could analysis effects of technology on businesses and nations. Technology has replaced the use of human in industries by machines or robots. Before the advent of technology into businesses human has been the main source of labor for entrepreneurs but in the world today, it is apparent that machines have taken over. Availability of new and old information has been made possible through these changes or development in technology. Through this information, there exist different options of communicating and performing tasks and jobs. Moreover, people now prefer to get information through the internet rather than getting it from its source (most times the hard copy). People prefer to read book, novel and articles online rather than getting the hard copy to read. In a way, these have affected publishers, writers in the way they conduct their businesses. This has affected the rewards writers, editors and publisher makes from their jobs, since there works are published online at a reduced cost and most time they do not enjoy these rewards. In few years time, innovations of several types are to be expected. Precisely, in the next 10years new technologies would be introduced into the book business. These new technology will add to the existing ways of conducting or doing the business and will bring fundamental changes into the way book business will be conducted. However, in 10 years time technology will continue to influence the book business in terms of advertisement, sales and production. The effects of technological development will either be positive and negative. For instance, it will reduce the number of people that will be employed by industries that produce books. This in its own way will increase the unemployment rate and leads to decrease in standard of living of people. This is an example of the negative consequences that will be caused by development in technology. On the other hand, it will increase profitability of those in the business. Since, the workability of book business will require few amount of finance. Therefore, cost of production will reduce since there is an innovative way of organizing the business, consequently leading to increase profit. In conclusion, in years to come various innovations will evolve in business and determine the way business will be conducted. Technological developments have continued to influence the way we live, conduct business and carrying out jobs. However, in the book business technological development will poses different opportunities and challenges in future. In other to be able to cope with this challenges and opportunities, investors, writers and publishers should put measure in place that will be capable of withstanding the pressure. References: Yli-Renko H., Janakiraman R., (2008). How Customer Portfolio Affects New Product Development in Technology-Based Entrepreneurial Firms. Journal of Marketing, Volume 72, Number 5. American Marketing Association. http://www.marketingpower.com/AboutAMA/Pages/AMA%20Publications/AMA%20Journals/Journal%20of%20Marketing/TOCs/summary_sept_08/howcustomer_jm_0908.aspx Horte S. A., Lindberg P., (2007). Performance effects of human and organizational development and technological development. International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing. Volume 4 Issue 3. IBM, (2008). IBM Reveals Five Innovations That Will Change Our Lives in the Next Five Years. Technology: Hi Tech. Physorg.com. http://www.physorg.com/news146852022.html    How to cite Development of Technology, Papers

The Kings of Ancient Egypt

The Kings of Ancient Egypt The study of ancient history will never be complete without taking a closer examination at the history of ancient Egypt. This is because of how the Egyptians made a lasting impact on the lives of ancient peoples; from Africa, the Middle-East, India, Greece and Rome. Their greatness is seen in the pyramids that still existed today.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Kings of Ancient Egypt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their power can be seen in the treasures that archaeologists are still unearthing even in the 21st century. The explanation for ancient Egypt’s splendor, power, and influence can all be traced back to one source, the King of Egypt. This is because he is both a political leader and a divine ruler. Background The emergence of the Egyptian civilization was contemporaenous to that of Mesopotamia (Spielvogel, 2008, p.13). However, it can be argued that the de velopment of Egypt’s culture and civilization developed in a very different way. It can also be said that this is because of the Nile River, the longest river in the world. Although the Mesopotamians benefited from its rivers – with flooding that deposited rich soil to the river banks and ensured bountiful harvests – the Egyptians had one advantage. The Nile River’s flooding was gradual and predictable and at the same time the people can attest that their river is tame compared to others and therefore a true giver of life (Spielvogel, 2008, p.13). This is the reason why the Egyptians were able to build a kingdom that was known far and wide. An economy based on agriculture is the reason for their prosperity. However, the long-term stability of the kingdom was due to their idea of kingship and how it can be used to their advantage. Just like the other kingdoms in the region the Egyptians were under a special kind of monarchial form of government. The King w as not just a political leader, but he and the descendants after him can trace their genealogy to the gods of heaven. They were empowered by a divine appointment and therefore it is for the best interest of everyone to sustiain the line of succession and preserve the kingdom. It has to be pointed out that compared to other kingdoms and civilizations, the Egyptian civilization â€Å"was characterized by a remarkable degree of continuity over thousands of years â€Å" (Spielvogel, 2008, p.15). As long as the peole are happy, protected, and their needs met there is no problem with this set-up. But first, the people will have to fully understand the idea that their King is no ordinary human being and that he is part-man and part-divine. Based on Mythology It is a common practice in the ancient world to devise mythology that will explain the origin of things. The origin of the people, the land mass and the origin of the royal family, has to be articulated. In the case of Egypt it was a gradual process. The first thing that has to be done is for the emergence of a powerful family that can unite other tribes and from that successful partnership a kingdom can be established.Advertising Looking for research paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the beginning there was no central government. The whole of Egypt consisted of numerous populated areas ruled by a tribal leader untile one day around 3100 B.C., the first dynasty was established under a king and he united bot Upper and Lower Egypt into one single Kingdom (Spielvogel, 2008, p.16). The first six dynasties was an age of splendor characterized by prosperity and the construction of magnficient pyramids. This period lasted until 2181 B.C., and historians called it the Old Kingdom. It is during this period that the myth of the divine origin of the royal family began to take root. The myth that supports the origin of the divine ruler begi ns with the story that in the past everything was ideal. It is best described throug the following ancient poem explaining the reason why there is chaos and trouble and the necessity of a king: It happened that Re, the self created god, after he occupied the kingship when humans and gods were still together. Then the people devised a plot against Re (Assmann, 2001, p.13).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Kings of Ancient Egypt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was a time when everything was perfect until man decided to rebel against Re, their supreme god. The gods punished mankind and from that day forward what was once united was split into two. There is now a division between man and gods. This created major problems because the relationship between mankind and the gods were broken. This is not an ideal situation for the people but at the same time the gods were also not happy with the end res ult. One day, the gods hit upon the idea on how to mend the broken relationship between the realm of the humans and the realm of the gods. The gods said that there must a divinely appointed leader, â€Å"a new king in whose hands rule over the world will be placed, one who will build temples to deities and increase their offeringss, and in whose time abundance and fertility will reign† (Assmann, 2001, p.16). After the myth was made clear the ruling family can go to the people and convince them that it is for their benefit to support the dynasty for it was blessed by the gods. This will ensure good tiding for both the spiritual and the physical realms. An affront to the royal family is an affront to the gods. The claim was made more binding and serious when they perpetuated the second layer of the myth which is the explanation for the coming of the man-god, the first king of Eypt and it was made possible when a god impegranated an earthly queen. Their offspring became the firs t political and divine ruler of Egypt. Hail the King It is easy to understand why the royal family wanted to project themselves as descendants of gods. Egypt is not the only kingdom to ever utilize the power of mythology. However, in the case of Egypt they were so successful that there are historians who believed that the king has become more important than the gods (Silverman O’Connor, 1995, p.95). They were able to say this by explaining that, â€Å"The state was unthinkable without kingship. In ideology, kingship formed the unifying apex of a host of dualities that constituted society, as well as forming the point of connection among human society, the gods and the wider cosmos† (Silverman O’Connor, 1995, p.95). It can be argued that it came to a point in time when the King was also considered as a god himself. It is important to note that since ancient Egyptian history covered a long period of time, then there could never be a uniform ideology when it come s to hw the people interpret kingship. One has to accept the fact that change was inevitable. According to experts in ancient history, â€Å"Periodic re-examination of the subject of kingship over the years has shown that the ancient Egyptians seemed to have viewed this concept differently at different times† (Silverman O’Connor, year, p.49).Advertising Looking for research paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They added, â€Å"While kingship as an institution may have continued fairly constantly throughout the more than three thousand year history of ancient Egypt, just what the office signified, how the holders of the position understood their role, and how the population received this individual did not constitute uniform concepts †¦ without change† (Silverman O’Connor, year, p.49). Nevertheless, it is clear from what they left behind, the artifacts and the massive structures tell a story as how they perceive their kings. First of all the people easily accepted the fact that their king can be both man and divine. As a human being the king has the responsibility to demonstrate to the people that he indeed is the son of the gods. This means that rituals had to be performed from the coronation to the worship of deities. This is seen in the temples that were created and how they spent a great deal of time, energy, and money on building sacred structures in honor of the gods. On the other hand the kings were typical political leaders. They had to contend with the issues that even a ruler from the modern world had to contend with. It is all about security, watching over food supply, and keeping their subjects happy because a contented populace means stability while discontentment will bring strife. Therefore, the people saw the king as an administrator (Rice, 1999, p.8). A good example is the exploits of King Narmer in 3100 B.C., he became the first pharaoh and united the two lands – of Upper and Lower Egypt (Ruiz, 2001, p.10). It is during this time when hieroglyphic writing was perfected and this made it possible to rule Egypt more efficiently (Ruiz, 2001, p.10). The pyramids were also part of the enduring evidence as to how the people saw their kings. They are builders, rulers, adminstrators and they are eternal (Deady, year, p.16) This is why the system worked because everything was handled by the king and the peope allowed him to be both a political leader and at the same time a divine ruler. Conclusion The ancient Egyptians wanted to believe that their kings descended from the gods. They also have no problem with the idea that their kings were warriors, conquerors, and administrators. They also believed that their king is part man and part divine. Their belief system is encouraged by the fact that Egypt became the most powerful and richest civilzation in the ancient world. They wanted continuity, they wanted stability, and progress. Ancient Egypt just like the other kingdoms in the area had no problem with having a king that can unifty the spritual and the physical realm. In other words there was no issue with regards to the separation of Church and State. This belief system was perpetuated using symbols, rituals, and structures that were built not only to inspire people but also to tell rival kingdoms that there is something special within ancient Egypt and it woud be to the benefit of everyone if this political and religious structure remain until the end of time. References Assmann, J. (2001). The Search for God in Ancient Egypt. New York: Cornell University Press. Deady, K. (2004). Ancient Egypt. MN: Capstone Press. Rice, M. (1999). Who’s who in Ancient Egypt. New York: Routledge. Ruiz, A. (2001). The Spirit of Ancient Egypt. New York: Algora Publishing. Silverman, D. D. O’Connor. (1995). Ancient Egyptian Kingship. MA: E.J. Brill. Spielvogel, J. (2008). Western Civilization: A Brief History. MA: Wadsworth Press. This research paper on The Kings of Ancient Egypt was written and submitted by user Jaxen Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.